Explanation

 (ii)  Phenotypic ratio
    2:2 or 1:1/Ratio of sickler to non-sicklers.

b. Reasons why a rhesus negative woman  married to a rhesus positive man might lose her second pregnancy
    - Rhesus negative mother has no antigen on the surface of her Red Blood Cells/RBC;
    - the husband has antigen on his RBC;
    - during her first pregnancy, the child carries positive Rhesus factor;
    - the Rhesus factor enters the mother’s blood stream;
    - due to rupture of the placenta, blood seeps into the mother's blood;
    - causing it to develop anti-Rhesus antibodies;
    - causing agglutination in small proportion of foetal blood cells;
    - in the second pregnancy, the child might be Rhesus positive;
    - the child carrying Rhesus positive suffers massive destruction of red blood cells/erythroblastosis fetalis;
    - which might result into miscarriage of the second child. 

c. Examples of features in animals that support the theory of use and disuse of body parts as used by Lamarck
    - long neck in Giraffe;
    - smaller wings in Penguins;
    - lost legs of snakes;
    - long legs of Heron;
    - webbed feet of ducks/frogs/geese.

d. Vestigial organs in mammals
    - appendix in humans;
    - pelvic and leg bones in whale;
    - reduced coccyx in man/caudal vertebrae;
    - pyramidalis nasi (extrinsic) muscle/muscles of the forehead;
    - posterior auricular muscles to move the ear/pinna;
    - erector muscle;
    - nipples in males;
    - sinuses;
    - tonsils;
    - wisdom teeth;
    - hairs on the chest. 

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