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2019 WAEC Biology Theory Use the information below to answer questions (a)(i) and (a)(ii).     Hb Are presents normal...

Biology
WAEC 2019

Use the information below to answer questions (a)(i) and (a)(ii).
    Hb Are presents normal haemoglobin, 
    HbS represents sickled haemoglobin.

 

a. A female heterozygote for sickle cell married a sickler.  With the aid of a genetic diagram, determine the:
    (i)  possible genotypes of their offspring;    [8  marks]
    (ii)  phenotypic ratio of the offspring.    [2  marks]

b. Explain briefly the reason why a Rhesus negative woman married to a Rhesus positive man might lose her second pregnancy.    [5 marks]

c. Name two examples of features in animals that support the theory of use and disuse of body parts as used by Lamarck.    [2 marks]

d. List three structures in mammals that are vestigial.    [3  marks]

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Explanation

 

 (ii)  Phenotypic ratio
    2:2 or 1:1/Ratio of sickler to non-sicklers.

b. Reasons why a rhesus negative woman  married to a rhesus positive man might lose her second pregnancy
    - Rhesus negative mother has no antigen on the surface of her Red Blood Cells/RBC;
    - the husband has antigen on his RBC;
    - during her first pregnancy, the child carries positive Rhesus factor;
    - the Rhesus factor enters the mother’s blood stream;
    - due to rupture of the placenta, blood seeps into the mother's blood;
    - causing it to develop anti-Rhesus antibodies;
    - causing agglutination in small proportion of foetal blood cells;
    - in the second pregnancy, the child might be Rhesus positive;
    - the child carrying Rhesus positive suffers massive destruction of red blood cells/erythroblastosis fetalis;
    - which might result into miscarriage of the second child. 


c. Examples of features in animals that support the theory of use and disuse of body parts as used by Lamarck
    - long neck in Giraffe;
    - smaller wings in Penguins;
    - lost legs of snakes;
    - long legs of Heron;
    - webbed feet of ducks/frogs/geese.

d. Vestigial organs in mammals
    - appendix in humans;
    - pelvic and leg bones in whale;
    - reduced coccyx in man/caudal vertebrae;
    - pyramidalis nasi (extrinsic) muscle/muscles of the forehead;
    - posterior auricular muscles to move the ear/pinna;
    - erector muscle;
    - nipples in males;
    - sinuses;
    - tonsils;
    - wisdom teeth;
    - hairs on the chest. 


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Post-UTME Past Questions - Original materials are available here - Download PDF for your school of choice + 1 year SMS alerts
WAEC offline past questions - with all answers and explanations in one app - Download for free
WAEC Past Questions, Objective & Theory, Study 100% offline, Download app now - 24709
WAEC May/June 2024 - Practice for Objective & Theory - From 1988 till date, download app now - 99995
WAEC offline past questions - with all answers and explanations in one app - Download for free
Post-UTME Past Questions - Original materials are available here - Download PDF for your school of choice + 1 year SMS alerts
WAEC Past Questions, Objective & Theory, Study 100% offline, Download app now - 24709
WAEC May/June 2024 - Practice for Objective & Theory - From 1988 till date, download app now - 99995