Animal Husbandry
WAEC 2019
a) List three equipment used on a dairy farm.
b) Outline the steps involved in the pasteurization of milk.
c) State four roles of each of the following agents in the marketing of animal products:
(i) wholesaler;
(ii) retailer.
d) State three advantages of each of the following agents involved in the marketing of animal products:
(i) marketing boards;
(ii) co-operative societies.
Explanation
(a) Equipment used on a dairy farm;
- Feed trough
- Water trough
- Forage harvester/sickle/baler
- Milking machine
- Milk test cup
- Weighing scale
- Drenching bottles
- Buckets/container/headpan
- Restraining rope/stanchion stall
- Knife/cutlass/matchet
- Homogenizer
- Pasteurizer
- Milk tank
- Refrigerator
- Wheelbarrow
- Shovel/spade
- Calving box
- Coding machine
- First aid box
- Rake
- Hay fork
- Digger
- Castrator
(b) Steps involved in the pasteurization of milk;
- Collect milk
- Heat to appropriate temperature
- Maintain temperature for a specific period of time
- Allow to cool
- Store at low temperature
(c) Roles of agents in the marketing of animal products;
- Wholesaler
- buy in bulk/large quantity
- provide processing facilities
- provide storage facilities
- make advertisement
- sell to retailers
- provide transportation facilities
- buy produce from the farmers directly
- usually provide credit facilities to farmers and retailers
- relay information from retailers to farmers and vice versa
Retailer
- buy from wholesalers
- sell directly to consumers
- provide storage facilities
- package the products/processing facility
- provide credit facilities to consumers
- relay information from consumers to wholesalers
- make goods readily available/accessible
(d) Advantages of agents in the marketing of animal products;
- Marketing Boards
- stabilize prices
- provide credit facility to farmers
- offer quality control services
- provide storage facilities
- help to transport produce
- prevent wastage of farm produce
- provide advice and technical support/provision of information
- provide organized ready market/even distribution of produce
- generate revenue for the government
- ensure compliance to rules and regulations
(ii) Co-operative societies
- grant loans to members at affordable rates/credit facilities
- provide goods and services at cheap rates
- provide storage facilities/equipment/inputs to members
- organize extension services/close contact
- have negotiation/bargaining power
- make advertisement
- stimulate competition
- give dividends to members
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