Explanation

a) ldentification of Specimens:

• M- chicks' water fountain/drinker/water
• N - wooden feed trough / feeding trough / feeder
• O - egg candler
• P- lantern/bush lamp/lamp

(b) Use of Specimens M, N, and O.

Chicks' water fountain;

• water is poured into the container and then covered with the base,
• the container is turned upside down so that water drips out of a small opening into the cover which serves as the base
• it is placed on the floor of deep-litter house or on a raised platform
• the chicks gather around the trough to drink water from the base.

Wooden feed trough;

• Feed is poured directly into the wooden trough and spread inside.
• Trough should be half-filled to avoid wastages resulting from scratching by chicks when feeding
• Trough is re-filled regularly as the content diminishes.
• It is usually placed On the floor of deep-litter house.

Egg Candler:

• The egg is placed in a hole on the candler, and the light is switched on to illuminate the egg thus, revealing the egg's content particularly the developing embryo.,
• the egg candler is usually used during or before incubation to determine the fertility of eggs.

(c) Advantages of using Specimens M and N:

Specimen M Chicks' water fountain;

• The water inside the trough cannot be easily contaminated by the chicks' droppings.,
• The system is cheap,
• is self-regulating, thus avoiding water wastage.

Specimen N Wooden feed trough:

• It is easy to construct
• cheap to construct,
• easy to maintain;
• reduces feed wastage:
• reduces feed contamination.

(d) Disadvantages of using Specimen P - lantern.;

• It is not very effective since few chicks can be taken care of,
• the fumes are unhealthy to chicks: and can cause fire disaster.,
• chicks can get burnt when they jump on top of the lantern

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