Explanation

(a)(i) Physical properties (before wetting) of Specimen B Sand:

• It consists of coarse and fine particles.
• It is light grey as well as light brown in colour.
• The grains are separate and do not stick together, they are loosely or Closely packed.
• It has good pore spaces and are well aerated,

Specimen C is Clay and the physical properties are as follows:

• It consists of very small and fine particles closely packed together
• Its colours may be light brown or yellowish-brown as well as straw-coloured.
• Most clay can be powdery, smooth or velvety.

Specimen D is Loam:

• It contains the presence of humus and organic matter.
• The colours are dark brown, black and greyish black.
• Loamy soil is always friable and consistent.
• Its particles are loosely packed.
• It has moderate pore spaces.

(ii) Physical properties after wetting of Specimen B is Sand:

• Most sandy soil are always gritty after wetting
• It cannot be moulded and is not plastic
• It is easily permeable to water and very porous.

Specimen C is Clay;

• Clay soil are sticky after wetting
• It can easily be moulded into plastic.
• It is not permeable to water and has low porosity.

Specimen D is Loam;

• Loamy soil is partially sticky after wetting.
• Loamy soil moulds but breaks when an attempt to form a ring is made.
• Loamy soil is moderately porous after wetting.

(b) Specimen D is Loamy soil is of greatest value to farmers: Reason:

• It has a moderate water retention capacity.
• It also has a higher proportion of organic matter.
• Most loamy soil is adequately aerated.
• They are also moderately porous.
• It has high capillarity.
• it is rich in plant nutrients
• Loamy soil is rich in soil microbes.

(c) Ways of improving specimen B Sand:

• Áddition of organic matter to sandy soil can improve its content. 
• Application of lime to sandy soil can restore its content.
• Constant application of irrigation can improve sandy soil.
• Application of clay to sandy sol can improve its contents.
• The practice of fallow can improve sandy soil.
• Sandy soil can be improved by planting cover crops in the farm.
• Application of inorganic fertilizers can also improve sandy soil.
• Mulching restores the soil's fertility and ensures a good yield.

Ways of Improving Specimen C:

• Clay soil can be improved by the addition of organic matter.
• It can further be improved by the application of lime
• Drainage of excess water from the soil can improve clay soil.
• An introduction of sandy soil can improve clay soil
• Practising fallow farming for sometime can improve the clay soil.

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