Explanation

(a) Breeds of chicken used for commercial egg production 
-White leghorn Rhode Island Red 
- New Hampshire 
- Plymouth Rock 
-Anstralop 
- Brown Leghorn 
- Light Sussex 
- Barred Plymouth Rock 

(b) Functions of the following components in the diet of farm animals 
(i) Water 
-The bodies of most animals contain 55 - 65% Water/ Constituent body fluid and blood
 - Helps to digest feed 
- Helps to get rid of waste materials 
-Constituent of many body fluids and blood 
-Involved in body metabolism 
- Regulates body temperature 
- Involved in the production of saliva 
-Helps to maintain body turgidity 
- Helps in the transport of nutrients 
- Solvent for most body nutrients 

(ii) Minerals
- Required by the body in certain quantities to ensure good health and productivity 
-Present in muscles for muscle contractions 
- Comprise about 3% of animal body
 - Constituent of milk, egg and meat 
-Maintain pH balance of body fluids/Acid-base balance 
-Help in the formulation of hormones 
-Regulate blood clotting 
- Prevent diseases 
- Promote body growth 
-Help in formation of haemoglobin and protein/ constituent of protein 
-Help in bone and teeth formation/prevent tooth decay 
- Help in proper functioning of the nervous system. 

(iii) Antibiotics 
-Help the body to fight disease-causing micro-organisms 
-Improve early growth of poultry, pigs and non-ruminants generally 
-Increase absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract 
-Help to heal sores/wounds in animals at

 (iv) Protein 
- Protein is used in the building of flesh/muscles 
- Repairs worn-out tissues 
-Helps in the formation of digestive juices and other intestinal secretions (enzymes and hormones) 
-Protein may supply energy to the body 
-Helps in the building of protective covering (skin/hair/feathers/wools/nails) 
- It is a constituent of blood 
-Required for the growth of young animals 
-Helps in the formation of eggs and milk 
-Helps in the formation of reproductive gametes 

(c) Advantages of the intensive system of rearing ruminants 
-It gives animals protection against environmental hazards/exposure to adverse weather conditions 
-There is proper supervision of animals 
-Record keeping is made easier 
-It allows for automation e.g. use of automatic feeders and drinkers 
-Protection against theft 
-Protection against predators 
-Indiscriminate mating is reduced 
-Sick animals are easily identified 
-Reduces incidence of disease infection 
-Reduces incidence of pest infestation 
-Ensures adequate and balance feeding 
-Ensures provision of better health care 
-Animals do not destroy farmers crops 
-Allows efficient use of labour 
-High stocking density for all species of animals 
-It gives animals protection against physical hazards 
-It enhances performance of the animals 
 

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