Explanation

(a) Definition of terms as used in Animal Health 
(i) Pests: Pests are organisms, which through their feeding habits, cause physical damage and/or discomfort to other organisms called hosts, 
(ii) Pathogens: These are micro-organisms that cause diseases in farm animals 
(iii) Vectors: Vectors are also pests, which besides causing physical damage to the host, transmit disease causing organisms to farm animals. 
(iv) Parasites: Parasites are a class of organisms that five on or in their host permanently. They establish a physiological relationship with the hosts and rely on them totally for food and protection. 

(b) Examples of Pests: - Mites, Lice, Ticks, Houseflies, Mosquitoes,  Sandflies, Tsetse flies 
Pathogens: - Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa 
Vectors: - Tsetseflies, Ticks, Mites, Fleas 
Parasites: - Ticks, Dice, Mites, Fleas,  Liverflukes, Tapeworms - Roundworms. 

(c) Steps involved in silage making:

• Dig the silage pit 
• Cut the fresh grass/forage before flowering 
• Wilt for few hours/day 
• Collect the wilted forage and lay it at the bottom of the pit to a reasonable level 
• Add ash/urea sprinkled on it 
• Compress and add another layer of wilted forage, compress and add further ash/urea-fertilizer 
• Add more wilted forage, ash/urea and compress until pit is filled 
• Finally compress and then cover with tarpaulin or plastic polythene sheet 
• Leave to ferment with minimum of 2 - 4 weeks

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