term used in pig husbandry?

Smarteli

7 years ago

Pig farming is the raising and breeding of
domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch
of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed
principally for food (e.g. pork, bacon,
gammon) or sometimes skinned.
Pigs are amenable to many different styles
of farming: intensive commercial units,
commercial free range enterprises, or
extensive farming (being allowed to
wander around a village, town or city, or
tethered in a simple shelter or kept in a
pen outside the owner’s house).
Historically, farm pigs were kept in small
numbers and were closely associated
with the residence of the owner, or in the
same village or town.[1] They were valued
as a source of meat and fat, and for their
ability to convert inedible food into meat,
and were often fed household food waste
when kept on a homestead. Pigs have
been farmed to dispose of municipal
garbage on a large scale.[2]
All these forms of pig farm are in use
today. In developed nations, commercial
farms house thousands of pigs in climate-
controlled buildings.[3] Pigs are a popular
form of livestock, with more than one
billion pigs butchered each year
worldwide, 100 million of them in the
USA. The majority of pigs are used for
human food but also supply skin, fat and
other materials for use as clothing,
ingredients for processed foods,[4]
cosmetics,[5] and medical use.[6]
The activities on a pig farm depend on the
husbandry style of the farmer, and range
from very little intervention (as when pigs
are allowed to roam villages or towns and
dispose of garbage) to intensive systems
where the pigs are contained in a
building for the majority of their lives.
Each pig farm will tend to adapt to the
local conditions and food supplies and fit
their practices to their specific situation.
The following factors can influence the
type of pig farms in any given region:
Available food supply suitable for pigs
The ability to deal with manure or other
outputs from the pig operation
Local beliefs or traditions, including
religion
The breed or type of pig available to the
farm
Local diseases or conditions that affect
pig growth or fecundity
Local requirements, including
government zoning and/or land use
laws
Local and global market conditions and
demand
Use as food
Almost all of the pig can be used as food.
Preparations of pig parts into specialties
include: sausage (and casings made from
the intestines), bacon, gammon, ham, skin
into pork scratchings, feet into trotters,
head into a meat jelly called head cheese
(brawn), and consumption of the liver,
chitterlings, and blood (blood pudding or
black pudding). This is also, technically,
the case for all other mammals, although
the demand is not really
there.[citation needed]
Production and trade
Pigs are farmed in many countries,
though the main consuming countries are
in Asia, meaning there is a significant
international and even intercontinental
trade in live and slaughtered pigs. Despite
having the world's largest herd, China is a
net importer of pigs, and has been
increasing its imports during its economic
development. The largest exporters of
pigs are the United States, the European
Union, and Canada. As an example, more
than half of Canadian production (22.8
million pigs) in 2008 was exported, going
to 143 countries.[7] Older pigs will
consume eleven to nineteen litres (three
to five US gallons) of water per day.[8]

Smashing

7 years ago

Pig farming has been a human practice
for centuries. Breeding pigs and raising
them on a farm can be a very profitable
business, if you understand the proper
terminology, as well as the new
technology used to breed them. Because
of the strict regulations that govern selling
pigs today, knowledge of pig-farming
vocabulary is an essential ingredient to
success in breeding and raising pigs.
Understanding how pigs mate, how to
feed them properly, and how to take care
of them is a must when breeding them
and getting them prepped for market
resale.

Barrow: A young male pig that has
been castrated.
Boar: An uncastrated male pig. Also, a
wild pig that shares ancestors with
the domesticated hog.
Boar effect: The phenomenon of
exposure to mature male pigs
causing early puberty in female pigs.
Breeding herd: A herd or group of
pigs used solely for breeding.
Breeding soundness evaluation: A
number of tests or an evaluation
used to determine a male pig's ability
to breed.
Bulbourethral glands: Small glands
found in the reproductive organs of
male pigs.
Cervix: Part of a female pig's
reproductive organs, located near
the uterus.
Continuous farrowing: Producing
litters of pigs on a continual basis so
new litters are constantly being
produced.
Ductus deferens: A duct in a male
pig's reproductive organs that
transports man-fluid through the pen**
and into the female pig's VJ.
Dystocia: The abnormal birth of a
piglet, or a difficult labor for a female
pig.
Epididymis: Part of a male pig's
reproductive system that is a tube
attached to the testicle.
Estrus: The state of being in heat, in a
female pig.
Evaporative cooling: The use of water
and evaporation reduce the heat in a
livestock building or structure.
Farrowing: The process of giving
birth to piglets.
Farrowing operation: A business that
breeds pigs and then sells them to
another business, which will raise
them to market size.
Farrow to finish operation: A
business that breeds pigs, raises
them until they are ready to be
slaughtered, and then sells them for
profit.
Feed conversion efficiency: A
measurement of the efficiency of a
pig's ability to convert feed into
muscle or body mass.
Feeder pig operation: See "Farrowing
operation."
Finisher pig: The phase between a
pig's birth and the time when it is
ready to go to market.
Finishing operation: A business that
purchases larger pigs at auction or at
market and feeds them to bring
them to a greater weight for resale.
Flushing: The process of cleaning a
pig, or flushing its nasal cavities with
pressurized water.
Foster: An individual pig that is
available for adoption or sale.
Gilt: A small female pig no older than
6 months.
Grower pig: A pig that is between
the young stage and the market
stage.
Hand mating: The process of
exposing one female pig to a boar in
a small enclosed space for the
purpose of breeding.
Hog: A growing or aging pig.
Labia: An external part of a female
pig's genitalia.
Limit feeding: The practice of feeding
pigs a set amount of feed at certain
times of the day, rather than allowing
them to feed at will.
Lochia: A discharge from a female
pig after it gives birth.
Market weight: An acceptable weight
at which a pig can be sold.
Mating: The process of copulation for
reproduction.
Meat breeds: Types or breeds of pigs
designed specifically for meat or
human consumption.
Mother breeds: Breeds of female pigs
intended to mother several litters of
pigs throughout their lifespan.
Non-productive sow days: Any
period of time when a mature female
pig is not either carrying a litter or
suckling piglets.
Ovaries: The eggs- or ovum-
producing organ of a female pig.
Parturition: The process of a female
pig delivering piglets, from the first
stage of labor until birth.
pen**: One of a male pig's
reproductive organs.
Pen mating: The process of exposing
several female pigs to a boar inside
an enclosed area, usually a pig pen,
for the purpose of breeding.
Periodic farrowing: The process of
producing piglets on a smaller scale,
usually twice per year.
Pig: A hog, a boar, swine; a mammal.
Especially, immature swine.
Pig constipation: A situation in which
a pig has a difficult time eliminating
waste, or is unable to eliminate
waste.
Polyestrous: Description of the
condition in female mammals (such
as pigs) of having several estrus
cycles per year.
Pork producer: A farmer or breeder
who sells pigs for pork production.
Prepuce: A piece of skin that
surrounds a pig's genitalia.
Prostate: A gland within a male pig's
reproductive system.
Puberty: The period of a pig's life
during which it reaches s*xual
maturity.
Segregated early weaning: The
removal of piglets from their mother
between the ages of 4 and 10 days,
to help prevent the spread of
disease.
Service: The deposit of man-fluid into a
female pig's cervix.
Shoat: A growing pig (archaic term).
Sow: An adult female pig.
Standing heat: The stance a female
pig assumes when it is ready for
service or breeding.
Teats: The milk-excreting n***les of a
female sow, used to feed piglets.
Testes: One of a male pig's
reproductive organs or glands.
Uterus: Part of a female pig's
reproductive system, where man-fluid
enters for pregnancy.
VJ: One of a female pig's
reproductive organs.
Vesicular glands: Glands located in a
male pig's reproductive system that
occupy a large area inside the pelvis.
Weaner pig: A pig between the age
of weaning and when it reaches
about 40 pounds in weight.