I need help on WAVES AND ON MIRRORS?

Pdav80119

2 months ago

1. WAVES
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without the transfer of matter.
Types of Waves
Mechanical Waves – need a medium (like air, water, or a string) to travel.
Examples: Sound waves, water waves, waves on a string.
Subtypes:
Transverse waves: Particle movement is perpendicular to wave direction.
Example: Water waves, light waves.
Longitudinal waves: Particle movement is parallel to wave direction.
Example: Sound waves.
Electromagnetic Waves – do not need a medium; can travel in a vacuum.
Example: Light, radio waves, X-rays.
Wave Properties
Wavelength (λ): Distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.
Frequency (f): Number of waves per second (unit: Hz).
Amplitude (A): Maximum displacement of a particle from its rest position.
Speed (v): How fast the wave moves.
Wave equation:
v=f* wavelenght
Important Notes
Reflection of waves: Waves bounce back when they hit a surface.
Refraction: Waves change speed and direction when moving from one medium to another.
Diffraction: Waves bend around obstacles or spread through openings.
2. MIRRORS
A mirror is a smooth surface that reflects light, forming an image. There are two main types:
A. Plane Mirrors
Flat mirrors.
Image properties:
Virtual (cannot be projected on a screen)
Upright
Same size as the object
Laterally inverted (left-right reversed)
Example: Bathroom mirror, dressing mirror.
B. Spherical Mirrors
Curved mirrors (part of a sphere). Two types:
Concave mirror (curves inward) – converging mirror
Can produce real or virtual images depending on object distance.
Uses: Makeup mirror, shaving mirror, reflecting telescopes.
Convex mirror (curves outward) – diverging mirror
Always produces virtual, upright, and smaller images.
Uses: Vehicle rearview mirrors, security mirrors.