(a) You are provided a retort stand, a spring balance, masses, a beaker containing water, another beaker containing a liquid labelled, L, and other necessary apparatus.
(i) Suspend the mass, m = 20 g on the spring balance and measure the weight in air, W\(_A\) in Newton.
(ii) Immerse the suspended mass completely in water and measure weight in water, W\(_W\) in Newton. Evaluate U\(_1\) = W\(_A\) - W\(_W\).
(iii) Immerse the suspended mass completely in the liquid L of the same volume with water and measure the weight in liquid W\(_L\). Evaluate U\(_2\) = W\(_A\) - W\(_L\).
(iv) Repeat the procedure for m = 40g, 60g, 80g, and 100g respectively. In each case, evaluate \(W_A\), W\(_W\), U\(_1\), W\(_L\), U\(_2\).
(v) Tabulate the readings.
(vi) Plot a graph of U\(_1\) on the vertical axis and U\(_2\) on the horizontal axis starting both axes from the origin (0, 0).
(vii) Determine the slope s of the graph
(viii) Evaluate K = \(\frac{1}{\text{s}}\)
(ix) State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.
b(i) State the Archimedes' principle,
(ii) State two differences between density and relative density
(v)
|
M(g) |
W\(_A\)(N) | W\(_W\)(N) | U\(_1\) = W\(_A\) - W\(_W\). | W\(_L\)(N) |
U\(_2\) = W\(_A\) - W\(_L\) |
| 20.0 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.02 |
| 40.0 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.07 | 0.36 | 0.04 |
| 60.0 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.11 | 0.54 | 0.06 |
| 80.0 | 0.80 | 0.66 | 0.14 | 0.72 | 0.08 |
| 100.0 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.18 | 0.90 | 0.10 |
(vi) SEE THE GRAPH ABOVE
(vii) s = \(\frac{Δ U_1}{Δ U_1}\) = \(\frac{0.162 - 0.2}{0.09 - 0.067}\) = \(\frac{0.042}{0.023}\) = 1.826
(viii) K = \(\frac{1}{\text{s}}\) = \(\frac{1}{1.826}\) = 0.5476
(ix)(I) I avoided errors due to parallax when reading the spring balance. (II) I cleared the mass thoroughly before immersing it in liquid L
b(i) Archimedes's principle states that when a body is completely or partially immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upthrust which is equal to the weight of fluid displaced.
(ii) Density has a unit whereas relative density has none. (II) The value of density is different in different systems of measurement, whereas relative density is the same in all systems of measurement.
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