Physics
WAEC 2007
Using the above diagram as a guide, carry out the following experiment:
- place the equilateral triangular glass prism on the drawing paper. Trace the outline ABC of the prism.
- remove the prism. Draw a line NO such that it makes an angle i = 25º with the normal at point O on side AB
- fix two pins R\(_{1}\) and R\(_{2}\) vertically on line N0. Replace the prism on its outline;
- place the reflecting surface of the plane mirror in contact with the face AC of the prism;
- looking through the face BC of the prism, fix two other pins at R\(_{3}\) and R\(_{4}\) such that the pins appear to be in a straight line with the images of the pins at R\(_{1}\) and R\(_{2}\);
- remove the prism, the mirror, and the pins. Draw a line to join points R\(_{4}\) and R\(_{3}\)
- produce line R\(_{4}\)R\(_{3}\) to meet line NO produced at T;
- measure and record the angle \(\theta\) at T and e at D;
- repeat the procedure for four other values of i = 30°, 35°, 40°, and 45°. In each case, measure and record the corresponding values of \(\theta\) and e. Tabulate your readings;
- plot a graph of e on the vertical axis and \(\theta\) on the horizontal axis;
- evaluate k = s\(^{-1}\)
- state two precautions taken to ensure accurate results. [Attach your traces to your answer booklet]
(b)i. State four characteristics of the image of an object formed by a plane mirror.
ii. State two Conditions necessary for total internal reflection to occur in a medium.
Explanation
Table of values (observation)
S/N |
i° |
\(\theta\)° |
eº |
1 |
25 |
62 |
28 |
2 |
30 |
54 |
32 |
3 |
35 |
45 |
35 |
4 |
40 |
40 |
37 |
5 |
45 |
30 |
41 |
Slope (s) = \(\frac{\bigtriangleup {e}}{\bigtriangleup {\theta}}\) = \(\frac{49 - 20}{83 - 10} = \frac{29}{73}\) = 0.397
Intercept (c) = 53
Evaluation: K\(_{1}\) = S\(^{-1}\) = 0.397\(^{-1}\) = 2.519
Precautions;
- l ensured neat traces/sharp pencil (shown)
- I ensured mirror is firmly attached to prism
- I ensured pins are reasonably spaced (about 4 cm)
- l avoided parallax error in reading protractor.
(b)i. Characteristics of images formed by a plane mirror
- Same size as object
- Same distance from mirror as object
- Virtual
- Erect
- Laterally inverted.
ii. For total internal reflection of light to occur:
(a)Light must be travelling from a more dense to a less dense medium
(b)Angle of incidence in the denser medium must be greater than the critical angle
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