(a) (i) Define atomic spectra.
(ii) Differentiate between emission spectra and absorption spectra.

(b)

 

The diagram above illustrates an electron transition from energy level n = 3 to n = 1. Calculate the:

(i) energy of the photon

(ii) frequency of the photon

(ii) wavelength of the photon [h = 6.6 x 10\(^{-34}\)J s, c = 3.0 x 10\(^8\) ms\(^{-1}\); 1 ev = 1.6 x 10\(^{-19}\) J]

 

c)(i)Differentiate between soft x-rays and hard x-rays                                                                                                                                                                                       

(ii) Draw the circuit symbol for a p-n junction diode.                                                                                                                                                                                       

(iiii) Give the reason for doping a semiconductor material