change in the kinetic energy of a movimg atom
instability of the nucleons
excitation of an electron in the atom
transition of an electron from a higher to a lower energy level
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we have absorption and emission spectra which is an inherent characteristics of an atom. absorption spectra are the dark ines in which the emission spectra take when it returns to it's energy levels ( ground state).
Absorption spectra occurs when an electron in an atom is excited and leaves the ground state to a higher energy level. note it does remain there for ever, it certainly returns back to the ground state. now during the process of returning, it emits a photon of a particular frequency, which is specific to that elecron, and this is known as EMISSION spectra. so the aswer to this question is C. my school, revisit
THE ANSWER IS WRONG! Proof: "Photons with specific energies will be
absorbed by an atom, ion or molecule if this energy is equal to the difference between the
energy levels. In this example, three different photon energies are required to promote an electron from the ground state (n=1) to an excited state (n=2,3 and 4)." (Cued from https://astronomy.swine.edu (COSMO)) Absorption spectra is obtain only and only when electrons are excited i.e moving from ground/lower state to a higher state thereby absorbing energy!
