exists only when there is relative motion or tendency for motion
acts so as to oppose the motion
depends on the normal reaction between the two surfaces
is relatively independent of the area in contact
has all of these characteristics
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This question pertains to the topic of friction, which is a force that opposes the relative motion or tendency for motion between two surfaces in contact. Friction arises due to the interactions between the atoms and molecules on the surfaces of the two objects.
Now, let's go through each option:
A. Friction exists only when there is relative motion or a tendency for motion. This is true because static friction only occurs when there is an external force applied that is trying to overcome the force of static friction to initiate motion.
B. Friction acts so as to oppose the motion. This is one of the fundamental characteristics of friction. It opposes the direction of motion or the tendency for motion.
C. The frictional force depends on the normal reaction between the two surfaces. This statement is true because the frictional force is directly proportional to the normal force, which is the force exerted perpendicular to the surface of contact.
D. The frictional force is relatively independent of the area in contact. This statement is also true according to the laws of friction. The frictional force does not depend on the area of contact between the surfaces.
E. Based on the explanations provided, the frictional force exhibits all of these characteristics: it exists only when there is relative motion or tendency for motion, it acts to oppose motion, and it depends on the normal reaction between the surfaces. However, the statement about the independence of the frictional force on the area in contact is also true.
Therefore, the correct answer is E. has all of these characteristics. All the given characteristics are fundamental properties of friction.
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