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When two objects P and Q are supplied with the same quantity of heat, the...

Physics
WAEC 1995

When two objects P and Q are supplied with the same quantity of heat, the temperature change in P is observed to be twice that in Q. lf the masses of P and Q are the same, calculate the ratio of the specific heat capacities of Q to P.

  • A. 4 : 1
  • B. 2 : 1
  • C. 1 : 1
  • D. 1 : 2
  • E. 1 : 4.
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Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation

The heat absorbed by a substance is given by the formula:  
Q = m × c × ΔT

For objects P and Q. 
- Same quantity of heat (Q) is supplied.  
- Same mass (m).  
- Temperature change in P is twice that in Q (ΔT\(_P\) = 2 × ΔT\(_Q\)).  

For P  
Q = m × c\(_P\) × (2 × ΔT\(_Q\))  

For Q:  
Q = m × c\(_Q\) × ΔT\(_Q\) 

Since both equal **Q**, set them equal:  
m × c\(_P\) × 2ΔT\(_Q\) = m × c\(_Q\) × ΔT\(_Q\) 

Cancel m and ΔT\(_Q\) from both sides:  
2 c\(_P\) = c\(_Q\)  

Therefore:  
\(\frac{c_Q }{ c_P}\) = 2
Ratio c\(_Q : c_P\) = 2 : 1


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