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Why do runners try to minimize ground contact time?

Physical Education
JAMB 2025

Why do runners try to minimize ground contact time?

  • A. To jump higher
  • B. To increase speed
  • C. To rest longer on each step
  • D. To reduce energy use
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Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation

Ground contact time is the duration a runner's foot stays in contact with the track during each step. Minimizing this
time is critical for sprinting because it allows the legs to cycle faster, resulting in increased stride frequency and thus
higher speed. Short ground contact times indicate that the athlete is applying force rapidly and effectively against the
ground, propelling the body forward with minimal delay. Conversely, longer ground contact times slow down running
because the runner spends more time decelerating and less time moving forward. Efficient sprinters develop
neuromuscular adaptations that enable rapid force generation and quick turnover, while still applying enough force to
maintain stride length. Training drills, such as plyometrics and sprint technique work, often focus on reducing ground
contact time to improve overall velocity.


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