(a) List four modes of transportation.
(b) Outline five reasons for the construction of railways in developing countries.
(c) Highlight three measures that can be taken to improve rail transportation in developing countries.
(a) List Modes of Transportation: -Road/land -Railway -Water-Air -Pipeline -Ropeway/cable/metro line -Man/human portage -Animals/ beast of burden, e.g donkey, horse, etc.
(b) Outline Reasons for the Construction of Railways in Developing Countries:- Linking important cities/regions -Movement of people -Movement of goods and services -Useful in times of emergencies -For ease of administration -Access to natural resources Promote major crop production in the interior -To promote inter-regional trade -Ease postal services -Increased industrial development -Employment opportunities-Promotion of tourism -Cheap mode of transport -Opening up of new lands/areas -Growth of town settlements/towns-National integration -Facilitates international trade -Generation of revenue -Diffusion of ideas and innovations -income to workers -Linkages between areas of production and consumption -Improved standard of living-Stimulates other sector of the economy.
(c) highlight Measures that can be taken to improve Rail Transportation in Developing Countries: - Acquiring modern trains -Training and retraining of personnel -improved service delivery -Construction of more railway lines/extension of rail network-Regular servicing/maintenance of rail facilities -Provision of adequate capital for various sectors -Improved management practices -Use of tunnels/embankments -Increased patronage/subsidy -Construction of multiple tracks -Local fabrication of spare parts Construction of broad standard gauges-Adoption of uniform gauges-improved technology -Improved Communication system/signals -Linkage with other mode of transportation -Channelization of floodwater off rail tracks-Provision of adequate capital/adequate budgetary allocation -Continuity of government policies/political will -Efficient security-Importation of spare parts.
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