Explanation

A geographical account of mining in Nigeria under the following headings:

(a) MINERAL DEPOSITS

- coal

- petroleum

- natural gas

- limestone

- gold

- iron ore

- tin

- columbite

- lignite 

- lead

- zinc etc.

(b) MINING TOWNS FOR THE MINERALS

- COAL (Enugu, Okaba, Otukpo)

- PETROLEUM (Port Harcourt, Ward, Ughelli, Akwa lbom, Oloibiri etc.)

- NATURAL GAS (Afam, Warri, Port Harcourt etc.)

- LIMESTONE (Ewekoro, Shagamu, Ibese, Ukpilla, Calabar, Nkalagu, Obajana, Sokoto, Gboko, Ashaka etc.)

- GOLD (Ilesha, Sokoto, Minna etc.) - IRON ORE (Itakpe, Aladja, Ajaokuta etc,)

- TIN (Jos, Bukuru, Barkin-Ladi etc.) - COLUMBITE (Bukuru, Barkin-Ladi etc.)

- LIGNITE (Onitsha, Asaba etc.)

(c) BENEFITS OF MINING IN NIGERIA

- employment opportunities

-foreign exchange earnings

- growth of towns

- infrastructural development

- growth of ancillary industries

- income to miners

- improvement in balance of payment/trade

- production of geological maps

- funding of education and research

- attraction of foreign investment

- development of ports and habours

- tourists attraction

- provision of social amenities

- acquisition of skills

- raw materials for industries

- technology transfer

- revenue generation to government

- acquisition of essential goods

- diversification of the economy

- improvement of standard of living

- foreign exchange conservation 

(d) NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF MINING ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF MINING AREAS

- environmental pollution

- destruction of soil structure

- loss of soil fertility

- deforestation

- loss of important plants

- loss of animals

- distorts the ecosystem.

- wastage of land

- loss of landscape/aesthetic beauty of surroundings

- breeding places for pests

- health hazards e.g. air-borne diseases

- displacements of settlements

- erosion

- communal conflict

- climate change

- flooding 

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