Explanation

(a)(i) The Term Migration Migration can be defined as the movement of people from one location to another to settle either temporarily or permanently
(ii) Four types of Migration in Africa 
(1) Rural — Urban migration 
(2) Rural — Rural migration 
(3) Urban — Urban or inter-urban 
(4) Urban — Rural migration (5) Seasonal migration 
(6) international migration (Immigration and emigration)

(b) Four Causes of Migration in Africa 
(1) Employment opportunities 
(2) Movement for better education 
(3) Search for fertile farmland / population pressure on land resettlement 
(4) Unfavourable climatic conditions 
(5) Search for peace during civil wars 
(6) Inadequate resources in an area (7) Asylum from political unrest.

(c) Ways by which Migration can be reduced in Africa 
(i) Political stability and peace (ii) Development of good governance 
(iii) Strict legislation on immigration / Emigration 
(iv) Provision of social amenities in rural areas as school, pipe borne water, etc. 
(v) Establishment of rural industries to create jobs (vi) Initiating programmes for poverty alleviation 
(vii) Intensification of rural electrification (viii) Improved agricultural practices in rural areas 
(ix) Better economic planning and execution to reduce, unemployment.
 

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