(a) Differentiate between weather and climate
(b) Name the instruments used in measuring the following weather elements:
(i) pressure; (ii) sunshine; (iii) rainfall; (iv) wind speed.
(c) Explain how wind speed is measured and recorded.
(a) Differences between Weather and Climate
— Weather is the atmospheric condition of a place over a short period (days, weeks, hours, months) but climate is the average weather conditions of a place over a long period of time (35yrs).
— Weather changes very often, but climate does not change very often.
— Weather cannot be generalized but climate can be generalised.
— Weather describes the atmospheric condition of a small area, while climate describes the atmospheric condition of a large area.
(b)Some Weather Elements and the Instruments for Measuring them
— Wind speed
— anemometer,
— Sunshine - sundial / recorder, campbell stroke,
— Pressure
— barometer
— Rainfall
— rain gauge.
(c) How Wind Speed is Measured
— Measured with anemometer
— Placed in an open space
—Anemometer consists of four metal cups fixed to a metal arm
— The shaft is connected to a meter
—The cups rotate freely on a vertical shaft as the wind blows.
— The number of rotation is indicated on a meter to give the speed of the wind in kilometer per hour. How Wind Speed is Recorded
— Reading is taken twice daily e.g 9.00 hours and 1500 hours
— Is recorded in a note book
— Stating the date of recording
— The record is signed by the observer.
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