(a) (i) Explain the term settlement
(ii) Name two major types of settlement
(b) Highlight any four factors that influence the location of settlements
(c) Outline, with examples, any four functions of settlements.
(a) Settlement: A group of buildings with people in them. A settlement is a centre for human activities. It is made up of houses, communication network (roads, tracks, railways, etc.). It may be only one house, a group of houses, a village, a town or a city.
(ii) Two major types on settlement: Rural settlement, Urban settlement
(b) Factors that influence the location of settlement availability of water
— availability of suitable land on which to build
— abundant farmland with good soils
— suitable defence features e.g. hill top meeting point of communication routes
— presence of mineral resources
— sites for generating HEP
— absence of pests and diseases
— government policy
— sheltered indentation on coastline
(c) Functions of settlements commercial centres e.g. Kano, Onitsha, Banjul, Freetown, Lagos.
— Port-Harbour e.g. Lagos — Mining towns e.g. Jos
— administrative centres e.g. London, Abuja, Accra.
— religious centres e.g. Rome, Mecca
— educational centres e.g. Oxford, lbadan, Nsukka, Zaria
— military centre e.g. Jaji
— tourist centres e.g. Banjul, Miami, Bauchi, Cape Coast.
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