Write a geographical account of irrigation agriculture in the Niger Basin under the following headings:
(a) Areas (b) Methods (c) Crops (d) Problems (e) Solutions
Irrigation Agriculture in the Niger Basin.
(a) Areas:
(i) Inland delta of the Niger (Mali)
(ii) Jebba or Bacita area of Nigeria
(iii) Sokoto-Rima Valley
(b) Method:
(i) Basin or flood irrigation
(ii) Perennial (Dams and barrages)irrigation
(iii)Pump
(iv) The shaduf
(v) Manual
(vi) Sprinkler
(c) Crops: cotton, wheat, sorghum, vegetable, millet, rice, sugarcane, barley,
maize, onions groundnuts, etc.
(d) Problems:
(a) High capital outlay in dam construction
(b) Silting of dam by sand deposition
(c) Salinity of soil due to excessive evaporation
(d) Seasonality of rivers
(e) Periodic flooding of farmlands
(f) Growth of aquatic weeds
(g) Water-borne diseases
(h) Collapse of dam
(i) Displacement of settlement
(j) Erosion associated with surface irrigation.
(e) Solutions:
(i) Improved methods of irrigation should be adopted
(ii) Continuous dredging of river channels
(iii) Elements containing acid, added to soil
(iv) Storage of enough water during floods
(v) Bigger channels made to contain flood water
(vi) Continuous clearing of water weeds.
(viii) Resettlement of displaced people.
(ix) Adequate medical care provided to check the special water-borne diseases
(x) Improved technology in construction of dams.
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