(a) Draw a sketch map of Africa and on it show and name:
(i) Nile Basin;
(ii) Zaire (Congo) Basin;
(iii) Mediterranean region in North Africa.
(b) Write geographical notes on any two of the following:
(i) irrigation agriculture in the Nile Basin.
(ii) Lumbering in Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo).
(iii) Fruit farming in North Africa.
(b)(i) Irrigation Agriculture in the Nile Basin.
(i) Aridity of the area
(ii) Rainfall is inadequate in the area usually below 20cm
(iii) Practised along the course of the Nile
(iv) Methods include basin or flood, perennial, pump, shaduf, saquia or sikia, selikaand manual.
(v) Crops grown include cotton rice, wheat, sorghum, vegetable, barley, sugarcane, etc.
(vi) Results in increased raw materials for industries.
(vii) Problems include flooding, evaporation, salinity, water-borne disease.
(b)(ii) Lumbering in Zaire
(i) Areas include the Zaire basin, North and South of the equator.
(ii) The favourable factors include climate, presence of dense forest, transport and cheap labour.
(iii) The problems include inadequate capital and the use of 5. hand or power saws.
(iv) Tree species.include limba, mahogany okoume.
(v) It serves as an important source of raw materials for industries and employment.
(vi) Other problems include difficulty in identification of tree species, inadequate transport, indiscriminate felling of trees which leads to depletion.
(vii) It serves as source of income and foreign exchange.
(b)(iii) Fruit farming in North Africa.
(i) The areas of fruit farming in North Africa include the river valley, the coast of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.
(ii) The favourable factors include climate, fertile soils, ready market.
(iii) The problems include hilly topography, pests and diseases, inadequate storage facilities.
(iv) The solution to these problems include use of insecticides and pesticides, provision of adequate storage facilities.
(v) The types of fruit include raisins, apples, apricot figs, dates, grapes and olives.
(vi) The importance of fruits includes sources of protein, raw materials for industries, foreign exchange earning, income, employment etc.
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