(a) On a sketch map of Nigeria, locate and name three vegetation zones, choosing at least one from each of the two broad belts
(b) Relate the characteristics of the vegetation to the climate of one of the vegetation zones in (a) above
(c) List two major agricultural produce from any two of the zones shown in (a) above
(1) Swamp forest (Mangrove and fresh water swamp forest
(2) High forest tropical and monsoon rainforest
(3) Guinea Savannah
(4) Sudan Savannah
(5) Sahel Savannah
(b) Climatic conditions and characteristics of vegetation:
(i) Swamp Forest:
(i) Ever-green plants due to high temperature and rainfall throughout the year
(ii) Aerial roots as a result of heavy rainfall and swamps
(iii) Broad leaves to aid transportation e.g Walnut trees
(iv) Climbing plants in search of sunlight
(ii) High Forest:
(i) Huge trees between 18 to 30cm high, very tall trees reach 60m to 80m
(ii) Many plant species
(iii) Parasites, climbers and creepers
(iv) Trees arranged in three layers
(v) Buttressed roots
(vi) Dark green and dense foliage
(vii) Shrubs and ferns dominate the lower layers
(iii) Guinea Savanna:
(i) Tall grasses due to relatively high rainfall
(ii) Rainfall of 100 to 150cm supports these types of trees.
(iii) Trees, e.g oil bean, shea butter, locust bean
(iv) Some trees have thick barks to reduce evapotranspiration
(v) Vegetation changes with seasons as a result of marked dry seasons
(iv) Sudan Savanna:
(i) Shorter grasses due to reduced amount of rainfall less than 100cm and shorter duration
(ii) Trees of silk cotton, baobab dominate because of their adaptation to drought
(iii) vegetation also changes with season as a result of marked dry season
(v) Sahel Savanna:
(i) Very short and coarse grasses due to very low rainfall
(ii) No trees due to low rainfall (less than 65cm)
(iii) Shrubs are thorny to reduce evapotranspiration.
(c) Agricultural Produce:
Swamp Forest: Coconut, swamp rice. High Forest. Oil palm, cocoa, coffee, rubber, root crops and fruits. Savanna: Grains, cattle, groundnut, cotton, gum-arabic,donkey, sheep, goats, yams, vegetables, beans, soya-beans, beniseed
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