(a) List four modes of transportation.
(b) Identify four constraints to inland water navigation.
(c) In what four ways can the constraints identified in (b) above be solved?
(a) Modes of Transportation: (i) Road (ii) Water (iii) Air (iv) Pipeline (v) Railway (vi) Cable or rope way.
(b) Constraints to Inland Water Navigation: Short courses of rivers. (ii) Low patronage.
(iii) Poor management. (iv) Slow speed.
(v) Fluctuations in the volume of rivers. (vi) Shallow nature of most river valleys. (vii) (viii) Adverse weather conditions.
(ix) Poor maintenance culture.
(x) Poor navigational aids. (xi) Limited capital. (xii) Presence of water weeds, such as water hyacinth. (xiii) Hazards of tree stumps.
(xiv) Freezing of rivers and lakes. (xv) Competition with other modes of transportation. (xvi) Presence of rapids, cataracts, waterfall or dams. (xvii) Silting of river mouths. (xviii) Problem of piracy. (xix) Narrow gorges. (xx) Presence of dangerous aquatic animals.
(c) Ways in which the Constraints can be Solved: (i) Provision of adequate capital.
(ii) Construction canals. (iii) Removal of water machines/herbicides. (iv) Dredging of more canals for accessibility
(v) Channelization to avoid rapids and waterfalls. (vi) Policing water ways. (iii) Dredging to increase depths of rivers. (viii) Improved management.
(ix) Removal of tree stumps. (x) Development of the hinterland
(xi) Enlightenment on the use of inland water (xii) Improving the technology Of speed boat engines to increase speed. (xiii) Introduction of comfortable boats.
(xiv) Cultivation of good maintenance culture.
(xv) Provision of modern navigational aids. (xvi) Traffic control on rivers to check piracy (xvii) Use of dams and reservoirs to control water levels.
(xviii) Use of ice breakers. (xix) Involvement of conservation to control dangerous animals.
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