(a) Draw a sketch map of Nigeria. On the map, show and name one area each where the following minerals are mined: (i) coal: (ii) crude oil; limestone.
(b) Describe the process of mining coal in Nigeria.
(c) identify four problems affecting the mining industry in Nigeria.
(a) Map of Nigeria showing: (i) Area for coal. (ii) Area for crude oil. (iii) Area for limestone. See Map at the top
(b) (i) Underground/adit method: (i) Removal of soil and rock overburden. (ii) Props are built from stroller tree trunks to support mine roofs. (iii) Air is pumped into mine by machines.
(iv) Explosive may be used to aid excavation. (v) Pick axe used in breaking coal. (vi) Shovel used in loading coal to conveyor belt. (vii) Coal is conveyed out of the mine to the surface.
(viii) Conveyed from mine to the point of consumption or export. (ii) Open Cast Method: (I) Open cast method. (ii) removal of overburden. (iii) Use of explosive.
(iv) Pick axe used in breaking coal seams. (v) Use of shovels. (vi) Conveyance by rail or truck. (vii) Conveyance to processing plant/point of use/export.
(c) Problems affecting the mining industry in Nigeria: (i) Shortage of spare parts/high cost of spare parts. (ii) Inadequate skilled labour. (iii) Poor-transportation.
(iv) Mining hazards.
(v) Insecurity. (vi) Erratic power supply. (vii) Fall in demand of some minerals. (viii) Difficult terrain. (ix) High cost of production/operation. (x) Price fluctuation.
(xi) Labour unrests /relations.
(xii) Inadequate investors. (xiii) Inadequate capital. (xiv) High debt levels. (xv) Illegal mining. (xvi) Low level of technology. (xvii) Poor management
(xviii) Conflict between mining companies and communities. (xix) Smuggling/sabotage. (xx) Outdated topographical/geological maps. (xxi) Depletion of reserves.
(xxii) Inconsistency in government policies.
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