Explanation

a(i) Labour force - This refers to the num- ber of people working at the existing wage rate and the number of people in the active age group actively seeking employment.  (ii) Over-population - This exists when  
the size of a country's population does not effectively combine with the avail- able resources and the level of technology such that output begins to fall from the optimum level. Reduction in the population will increase output per  head  
(iii) Mobility of labour - This refers to the ease with which labour moves from one location to the other within the same occupation or changes job.

(iv) Optimum population - This exists when the population of a country effectively combines with the available resources and the level of technology which gives the maximum output per head.  

b(i) A high birth rate among the populace will lead to an increase in-population.

(ii) Early marriages on the part of males or females will increase the population.

(iii) The desire of couples to have large families due to socio-economic factors will increase a country's population e.g. children are an insurance against old age  
(iv) Polygamous marriages will produce more children than monogamous marriages  
(v) Low death rate due to improved medical care. good sanitation and falling infant mortality rate will increase the population  
(vi) Relaxed immigration policies can in- crease the population of a country

(vii)Socio-cultural factors against the education of the girl - child will increase population

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