Explanation

(a) Mobility of labour refers to the ease with which labour can move from one job to another which is called occupational mobility of labour; and the ease with which labour moves from one area to another which is called geographical mobility of labour.

(b) Obstacles to occupational mobility of labour include:

(i) Cost: the cost of retraining may be a problem in terms of money and length of time

(ii) Ability or aptitude: certain jobs require natural ability, e.g. football.

(iii) Employment prospects/ age: After a certain age (e.g. 45), employers will not engage such people. They have poor prospects for an employer as they only have short working life.

(iv) Trade union / professional association restrictions: professional bodies (accounting, law) require certain qualifications before-admission.

(v) Personal reasons: personal preference for a particular job and dislike for available alternatives may dis-courage movements.

(vi) Family and friendly ties.

(vii) Political instability / Religion. 

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