Explanation

(a)  Market Segmentation: This is the process of dividing a company’s market
into identifiable groups in a way that specific products can be developed to satisfy each group.                                                                                                           

(b)  Functions of Marketing

• Risk bearing    - it involves the calculation of marketing risk and taking necessary insurance cover to reduce their impact on the marketing of goods and services;
• Distribution     - marketing ensures that goods and services are moved from points of production to points of consumption ;
• Exchange - marketing ensures that goods and services are sold and sales targets are set and met to achieve the company’s marketing objectives;
• Warehousing - through warehousing goods can be produced ahead on demand and then stored until they are needed;
• Promotion/ Advertising - it creates adequate awareness of the company’s products and services;
• Standardization and grading - it establishes specified quality that products must conform to and classify them into different sizes to suit each market segment;
•  Pricing - marketing determines the pricing structures, margin and discount policies and pricing strategies to be adopted by a company;
• Product development - marketing identifies the consumers’ needs and wants and plans and designs effective products based on the identified needs and wants;
• Marketing research - marketing provides information on marketing mix and how they could be effective to the target market
• Financing - marketing provides income to the company through sales of goods and services.

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