(a) What is the structure of:

(i) graphite:
(ii) diamond
 (ii) Explain briefly why diamond is hard and a non-conductor of electricity while graphite is soft and an electrical conductor,

(b)i. State what is achieved at each of the following stages in the purification of town water supply:

- aeration;
- screening
- sedimentation.

(ii) Name two substances responsible for hardness in water.

(iii) State two methods for the removal of hardness in water.

(iv) Give one disadvantage of hard water

(c)i). Describe briefly the extraction of tin from its ore.

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

(iii) Write an equation for the reaction of tin with:
- oxygen;
- chlorine.