(a) Distinguish between molecular formula and structural formula

(b) List three factors that determine the ionization energy of an atom.

(c) State the two conditions necessary for the establishment of a chemical equilibrium

(d) Consider the following table

Element	A	B	C
Ionization energy KJ mol\(^{-1}\)	619	518	594

 

(d)(i) State which of the elements is the strongest reducing agent.

(ii) Give a reason for the answer stated in (d)(i)

(e) State Graham's law of diffusion

(f) Consider the following salts: Mg(NO\(_{3}\))\(_{2}\), CaCO\(_{3}\), Na\(_{2}\)SO\(_{4}\). State which of the salts is/are:
(i) readily soluble in water:
(ii) insoluble in water.

(g) Classily each of the following products as addition polymer or condensation polymer:
(i) protein:
(ii) perspex:
(iii) nylon.

(h) Define atomic radius.

(i) Explain briefly why ethanol has a higher boiling point than propane even though they both have comparable molar masses.

(j) State three significance of the pH value in everyday life.