(a) Name the apparatus used in the laboratory to (i) Convert vapour into liquid during distillation

(ii) determine the volumetric composition of water

(ii) produce an intermittent supply of any gas which can be evolved by the action of a liquid on a solid without heating.

(b) Give the reason for the following;

(i) the edge of the lid of a desiccator should be greased

(ii) a standard solution of sodium hydroxide is not prepared by weighing out accurately a given mass of the solid and making it up to the required volume.

iii) after the reduction of copper (II) oxide by a a stream of hydrogen gas passed overs the heated oxide in a combustion tube, it is necessary to continue passing the gas over the residue until the residue cools.

(c) An acid-base indicator turns orange in an acidic solution, green in a neutral solution and blue in an alkaline solution. The table shows the results obtained when a few drops of the indicator were added to samples of some liquids.

Liquid	Colour of the indicator in the liquid
Glucose solution  Rainwater  Lime water  Vinegar Stomach powder solution	Green Pale orange  Blue  Orange  Pale blue

 

(i) Arrange the liquids in increasing order of their expected pH values.

(ii) Explain why the colour of the indicator in the sample of rainwater is pale orange whereas in pure water it is green.

(iii) A given crystalline solid is suspected to be either sodium chloride or ammonium tetraoxosulphate (VI). Describe how you would use the indicator to identify the solid.

(iv) State with reason whether or not phenolphthalein indicator can be used to distinguish between the samples of glucose solution and vinegar.

(v) What would be the colour of methyl orange indicator in the lime water sample?