(a) In the Solvay process, explain briefly with equations the functions of the following substances:

• limestone;
• ammonia.

             

(b) (i)   Write a chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose.

(ii) Explain briefly why a tightly-corked glass bottle filled to the brim with fresh palm-wine shatters on standing for some time.

 

(c) Consider the following metals: Na, Fe, K and Cu.

(i) Arrange the metals in order of increasing reactivity.

(ii) Which of the metals will react with cold water?

(ii) Which of the metals could form coloured salts?

 

(d)(i)   What is a redox reaction?

 

(ii) Identify which of the following reaction equations are redox.

(I) 2Na + Cl\(_2\) → 2NaCl

(II) AgCl + 2NH\(_3\) → [Ag(NH\(_3\))\(_2\)]Cl

(III) C\(_2\)H\(_2\) + H\(_2\) → C\(_2\)H\(_4\)

(IV) HCl + KOH → KCl + H\(_2\)O

(V) 2FeCl\(_3\) + 2KI → 2FeCl\(_2\) + 2KCl + I\(_2\)

 

(iii)   Give a reason for each of the answers in (d)(ii).

 

(iv) Write balanced equations of the half reactions for any two of the redox reactions in (d)(ii).