(a)(i) State three differences between electrovalent compound and covalent compound.

(ii) Name the type of chemical bonding involved in the formation of ammonium ion from ammonia.

 

(b)(i) Name the quantum numbers which define an electron within an atom.

(ii) State the orbital in which the fifth electron of an atom is most likely to be found. Sketch the shape of the orbital.

(iii) State the period and the group to which the element boron belongs in the Periodic Table.

 

(c)(i) What is meant by the entropy of a chemical system?

(ii) Calculate the free energy change for a given reaction at 300 K using the following data obtained for the reaction: \(\Delta\) = -710KJ mol\(^{-1}\); \(\Delta\)S = 0.15 KJ mol\(^{-1}\)K\(^{-1}\)

(iii) From your evaluation in (c)(i) above, state whether the reaction is spontaneous or not at the given temperature. Give reason for your answer.