(a)(i) List the three types of particles present in atoms.

(ii) name the element which does not contain all the three particles in its atom. Mention the particle that is not present.

 

(b) Give the reason why:

(i) the relative atomic masses of some elements are not whole number;

(ii) relative atomic masses are used instead of the actual masses of atoms in grams;

(iii) metals are good conductors of electricity.

 

(c)(i) Name the type of bond present in the oxonium ion,

(ii) State one effect of the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the physical properties of ethanol.

(d)(i) Explain what is meant by water of crystallization.

(ii) When 5.0g of a compound Y was heated to constant mass, 1.8g of water vapour was given off. Determine the number of molecules of water of crystallization in one molecule of Y, given that the molar mass of its anhydrous form is 160g. [H = 1, 0 = 16]