(a) State how you would carry out the following procedures in the laboratory:

(i) Remove the sediment in sample of water;

(ii) Soften temporarily hard water without heating it,

(iii) Obtain pure water from muddy water;

(iv) Remove oxygen and moisture from a sample of air

 

(b)(i) What type of salts are alums?

(ii) State the function of alum in water treatment plants.

(iii) State and explain how rain water that hac passed through limestone deposits will react with soap solution.

 

(c)(i) Write an equation for the laboratory preparation of chlorine

(ii) List the products of the reaction of chlorine with hot concentrated sodium hydroxide solution

(iii) What is observed when moist blue litmus paper comes in contact with chlorine?

(iv) Calculate the volume of chlorine at s.t.p. that would be required to react completely with 3.70g of dry slaked lime according to the following equation:

Ca(OH)\(_{2(s)}\) + Cl\(_{2(g)}\) --> CaOCl\(_{2}\). H\(_2\)O\(_{(s)}\)  [H = 1, O = 16, Ca = 40, 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 dm\(^3\) at s.t.p.]

 

(d)(i) State what is observed on warming ammonium trioxonitrate (V) with sodium hydroxide solution

(ii) Explain why ammonium trioxocarbonate (IV) leaves no residue on being heated.