Which of the following processes takes place during the production of margarine from vegetable oils?
Margarine is produced by converting liquid vegetable oils into solid or semi-solid fats through a chemical process called hydrogenation.
Vegetable oils are polyunsaturated, containing many carbon-carbon double bonds. During hydrogenation, hydrogen gas is added to these double bonds in the presence of a metal catalyst (usually nickel). This process "hardens" the oil by increasing its saturation, which raises its melting point and results in the spreadable, solid consistency characteristic of margarine.
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