If an excess of a liquid hydrocarbon is poured into a jar of chlorine, and the sealed jar is then exposed for several hours to bring sunlight, all the chlorine gas is consumed. The hydrocarbon is said to have undergone
When a hydrocarbon reacts with chlorine in the presence of sunlight (UV light), it typically undergoes a free-radical substitution reaction. In this process, the energy from the sunlight breaks the chlorine molecules into reactive radicals, which then replace (substitute) hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon chain with chlorine atoms. This is characteristic of alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons), which are often liquid at room temperature for higher carbon counts.
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