The process of transporting manufactured food, primarily sugars like sucrose, from the leaves (source) to other parts of the plant (sinks) is called translocation. This process occurs in the vascular tissue known as the phloem. The phloem tissue is made up of living cells, including sieve tube elements and companion cells, which facilitate this movement.
The pericycle is a layer of cells just inside the endodermis in the root and is involved in the formation of lateral roots, not food transport.
The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex in land plants and helps regulate the movement of water and ions into the vascular system, but does not transport food.
The xylem vessels are responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves (unidirectional flow). They are made of dead cells at maturity and are not involved in the transport of manufactured food.
There is an explanation video available below.
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