The thalamus is a part of the brain that relays sensory and motor signals, and regulates consciousness, alertness, learning, and memory.
The hypothalamus, a part of the brain, regulates body temperature, thirst, and hunger. It produces hormones that control many bodily functions, including body temperature, heart rate, hunger, mood, and sleep.
The medulla oblongata controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
The spinal cord acts as a communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body, carrying sensory information from the body to the brain and motor commands from the brain to the muscles, while also coordinating reflexes independently of the brain.
There is an explanation video available below.
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