Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation

To estimate the volume of air in a soil sample using a measuring cylinder, you can calculate the difference between the total volume of the soil and water mixture and the observed volume of the mixture:

1. Calculate the total volume of the soil and water mixture, (p+q)cm3
2. Observe the total volume of the water-soil mixture, r cm3
3. Subtract the observed volume from the total volume to calculate the volume of air. In other words, r  < (p + q), because on mixing with water, air present in the soil would have been released and escaped from the soil.

There is an explanation video available below.

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