preventing soil erosion
bush fallowing
tendency of becoming waterlogged
porosity and low water retention ability
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The correct answer is D. porosity and low water retention ability.
Soil fertility is maintained by practices that enhance soil structure, organic matter, and nutrient cycling. Porosity and low water retention ability actually harm soil fertility, as they lead to:
- Reduced water availability for plants
- Increased soil temperature fluctuations
- Decreased soil biota activity
- Nutrient leaching and loss
The other options maintain or improve soil fertility:
A. Preventing soil erosion conserves topsoil and nutrients.
B. Bush fallowing (or fallowing) allows soil to rest and replenish nutrients.
C. Avoiding waterlogging prevents nutrient loss and promotes healthy soil biota.
To maintain soil fertility, it's essential to focus on practices that enhance soil structure, organic matter, and nutrient cycling, such as:
- Adding organic amendments (compost, manure)
- Using conservation tillage or no-till
- Crop rotation and intercropping
- Cover cropping
- Integrated nutrient management
These practices promote soil health, structure, and fertility, supporting sustainable agriculture and ecosystem services.



