Study carefully specimens H, Jand K and use them to answer questions 4(a) to 4(d).
(a) State the habitat of specimen J.
(b) State (i) five observable features of specimen J;
(ii) how the features in 4(b)(i) adapt specimen J to its habitat.
(c)(i) List two differences between specimens H and J.
(ii) State three similarities between specimen H and the skin of specimen J.
(iii) State how the similar features named in 4(C)(i) above adapt specimen H for its functions.
(d)(i) Classify specimen K into its phylum and class. (ii) Give three reasons for placing specimen in its class.
(iii) List three observable features of specimen K and state how these features adapt it to its mode of life.
4(a) Habitat of J/Toad/Frog: Frogs Pond/Stream/Fresh water swamps/Swamps/River banks.
Toads- Wet damp places/under leaves/small holes.
(b)(i) Adaptive Features: Webbed digits Streamlined body - bulging eyes above the head
- Nostril above the head - Nictitating membrane - Body odour - Short/stout fore limb
- Long (strong) hind limb - Moist/warty skin - poisonous gland - Long tongue attached to front lip.
(b)(ii) Adaptive features of JI Toad: Webbed digits for swimming/paddling in water Streamlined body for easy movement in water
- bulging eyes to see above water when body is submerged
-Position of nostril above the head enables animal ans get atmosphere air while swimming.
-Nictitating membranes protect eyes from foreign bodies while in water/cleans eye surface.
-Body color blends with surrounding for camouflage.
-Short/stout act as shock absorber/ for landing.
- Long strong hind limbs for hopping on land.
- warty skin prevents evaporation from body/moist skin provides surface for gaseous exchange.
- Poisonous gland for protection against predators.
- Long tongue attached to front lip for easy catching of prey.
(c) Advice to farmer: cytokinin should not be applied beyond some concentration for optimum shoot development.
- For maximum shoot development, the farmer should use cytokinin at a concentration of 4.5mg/l.
(d)(i) Similar substances in plants: Gibberellins -Auxin/IAA -Ethylene/Ethene.
(ii) in Animals - Pituitary growth hormone/Somatotro-pin/Follicle stimulating - Hormone (FSH) - Thyroxine - Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
(i) Differences:
|
H/Lung |
J/Toad |
|
Bright red/pink |
Dark grey/brown |
|
Organ |
Organism |
(ii) Similarities:
-Thin surface membranes
-Moist surface Large surface area
- richly supplied with blood vessels/highly vascularized.
(ii) Adaptation of H/Lung:
- Thin membranes allow easy diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide/exchange of gases.
-Moist surface for dissolving of gases/carbon dioxide and oxygen
- Abundant blood vessels for transport of respiratory gases
-Large surface area for diffusion/exchange gases.
(d)(i) Classification of K/Maize leaf: Phylum/ Angiospermophyta.
Class- Monocotylenonae
(ii) Reasons: - Long narrow blade - Parallel venation - Presence of leaf sheath
(iii) Adaptations -thin/fat blade; to facilitate diffusion or gases. - Green color chlorophyll; to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.
-Large surface area; to absorb maximum sunlight
-Presence of veins; for transport of water/manufactured food.
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