posture and balance of the body
all voluntary actions
temperature and appetite
many involuntary actions
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Many involuntary actions are controlled by the medulla oblongata, which is part of the brainstem.
Functions of the Medulla Oblongata:
Controls vital involuntary functions such as:
Breathing (respiration)
Heart rate (circulation)
Blood pressure regulation
Swallowing
Digestion
Reflex actions (like coughing, sneezing, and vomiting)
Other parts of the brain also play roles in involuntary actions:
Hypothalamus – Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormonal balance.
Cerebellum – Controls involuntary coordination of movement and balance.
However, for most automatic body functions, the medulla oblongata is the key control center.
