(a) Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations in the table below.
(b) State one function each of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf: (i) palisade; (ii) vascular bundle; (iii) epidermis.
(c)State one function each of the following parts in the stem of a flowering plant: (i) sieve tube; (ii) cortex; (iii) pith.
(d) In a tabular form, state:
(i) two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding.
(ii) two internal structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding
(a) Vertebrae with corresponding location
Vertebrae | Location |
---|---|
Cervical | Neck |
Thoracic | Chest/Thorax |
Lumbar | Abdomen/Upper abdomen/loin |
Sacral | Hip/lower abdomen |
Caudal | Tail/coccyx |
(b) Function of:
(i) Palisade
- Manufactures food/carries out photosynthesis/site of photosynthesis;
- Contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis;
(ii) Vascular bundle
- Contains xylem for transport of water/mineral salts/phloem for translocation of manufactured organic substances/hormones;
- Provides mechanical support;
(iii) Epidermis
- It keeps the leaf’s shape;
- Provides mechanical support;
(c) Function of
(i) Sieve tube
- Translocates/transports manufactured foods to other parts of the plant;
(ii) Cortex
- The cells of cortex store starch;
- Outer cortex cells of green stems contain chloroplasts and make food by photosynthesis/chlorophyllus cortex cells manufacture food;
(iii) Pith
- Cells of pith act as packing/food storage tissues;
- Supports the stem;
(d) Structural differences
(i) External structural differences between stem and root of a maize seedling
Stem of a maize seedling | Root of a maize seedling |
---|---|
- Fibrous root absent | fibrous root present; |
- Chlorophyllus/greenish | non chlorophyllus/non-greenish; |
- Leaves are present | leaves are absent; |
- Thicker in size | thinner in size; |
- Coleoptiles/shoot sheath present | coleoptiles/shoot sheath absent; |
- Coleorhizae/radicle sheath absent | coleorhizae/radicle sheath present. |
(ii) Internal structural differences between stem and root of a maize seedling
Stem of a maize seedling | Root of a maize seedling |
---|---|
- Vascular bundles are scattered | vascular bundles are arranged/in a ring form; |
- More vascular bundles | less vascular bundles; |
- Cortex is narrower | cortex is wider; |
- Pith is absent | pith is present; |
- Endodermis absent | endodermis present |
- Phloem and xylem do not alternate | phloem alternates with xylem; |
- Piliferous layer absent | piliferous layer present |
Contributions ({{ comment_count }})
Please wait...
Modal title
Report
Block User
{{ feedback_modal_data.title }}