olfactory lobe
cerebellum
cerebral hemisphere
medulla oblongata
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The correct answer is:
D. Medulla oblongata
Explanation:
The medulla oblongata is part of the brainstem and controls involuntary actions like:
Heartbeat 
(regulates heart rate)
Breathing 
(controls respiratory rate)
Blood pressure
Swallowing & digestion
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Olfactory lobe 
– Responsible for smell (olfaction), not heart rate or breathing.
B. Cerebellum – Controls balance, coordination, and muscle movement, not involuntary functions.
C. Cerebral hemisphere – Involved in thinking, memory, and voluntary actions, not automatic functions like breathing.
Thus, the correct answer is:
D. Medulla oblongata
