Explanation

(a) Conservation of natural resources is defined as the art of planning and management of natural resources to ensure their wise utilisation and continuity of supply over a long period of time while maintaining and enhancing their quality, diversity and values.

(b)(i) Various natural resources to be conserved are: — Water, soil, Wild life and Minerals.

(ii) The benefits of conservation of each of them are:

(1) Water — It is conserved in order to make it available for domestic and commercial use, longevity of aquatic organisms, etc.

(2) Soil — It is conserved in order to enhance fertility and prevent erosion.

(3) Wild life — It is conserved in order to avoid the extinction of certain plants and animal species, e.g. elephants.

(4) Minerals — It is conserved to prevent unrestricted exploitation and exhaustion of minerals like petroleum, gold, tin ore, iron, platinum, etc.

(5) Forest — It is conserved for constant or regular supply of forest products, e.g. timber, fruits, ropes and to avoid desertification, etc.

(c) Problem encountered in conservation are: Farming, soil erosion, hunting, lumbering, fishing, mining, construction, industrialization, bush burning, over cropping, etc

(d) Efforts employed in ensuring conservation are:

(1) Zoological and botanical gardens are established.

(2) Promulgation of law prohibiting lumbering and indiscriminate hunting in our forest reserve.

(3) Prohibiting the use of chemicals for fishing.

(4) Reforestation programme by the Government through tree planting campaign.

(5) Establishment of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA).

(6) Forest or game reserves are established, e.g. Yankari Game reserve in Bauchi State. 
 

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