Explanation

(a) Modes of nutrition in plants: Autotrophic: Plants manufacture their food; using water from the soil; and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight.

Chemosynthetic: These plants manufacture their food; using atmospheric carbon dioxide; and energy from the breakdown of inorganic compounds.

Carnivorous: These plants in addition to photosynthesizing have special devices; for trapping and digesting insects and other small organism; to balance a deficiency in nitrogen.

(b)(i) Autotrophic: Flowering plant

(ii) Chemosynthetic: Nitorsomonas, Nitrobacter, fungi, Nitrococcus.

(iii) carnivorous: Pitcher plants, bladderwort; sundew, venus flytrap, butterwort.

(c)(i) Addition of nitrogen to soil. Decomposition of dead organic matter:

• Dead organic matter, are decomposed by putrifying bacteria; into ammonium compounds
• ammonium compounds are converted to nitrites by nitrifying bacteria, in the soil
• nitrites are converted into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria in the soil.
• Nitrogen fixation in root nodules:
• Nitrogen fixing bacteria; living in the root nodules of leguminous plants
• Convert gaseous nitrogen in the soil/atmosphere/air-spaces; into nitrates.
• During thunder storms; the energy from electrical discharge/action of lightning
• enables atmospheric nitrogen to react with oxygen to form oxides of nitrogen/nitric oxides; which dissolves in rain water to form weak nitric acid; which is washed in the soil and converted into nitrites and nitrates.

(ii) Loss of nitrogen from the soil: -

• Absorption by plant roots.
• Action of denitrifying bacteria.
• By action of leaching. 

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