Explanation

(a) Transpiration: - This is the loss of water; in vapour form; from the aerial parts/stomata/lentice/stem/leaf of a petal.

(b) (i) Types of transpiration: - stomatal transpiration. - lenticular transpiration - cuticular transpiration

(ii) Factors affecting rates of transpiration: - light intensity/light - temperature - wind - availability of soil water/water -humidity - leaf surface area - leaf structure/thick cuticle - sunken stomata/hairy/spiny - root system (deep/shallow roots)

(c) Mechanism of stomata! opening: -

• when the solute concentration of the guards cells is high.
• water flows from neighboring epidermic/cells into the guard cells.
• by osmosis
• the volume and turgidity of the guard cells increase
• the thin outer walls of the guard cells stretch more than thicker inner walls.
• causing the guard cells/stomata to open
• when the solute concentration is low.
• water flows out of the guard cells by osmosis.
• the volume and turgidity decrease causing the guard cell to become flaccid; and the stomatal pore is closed.

(d) (i) Similarities between transpiration and sweating: -

• Both involve loss of water from the body of the organism.
• both processes result in cooling.
• water is lost through pores.

(ii) Differences:

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