Explanation

(a) Reasons why animals move from place to place:

(i) To search for food.

(ii) Escape predators.

(iii) Find mates for reproduction.

(iv) To disperse/reduce competition/overcrowding by moving to new locations.

(v) Avoid dangers. (vi) Find new and favourable habitats.

(b) Function of structures found in plant:

(i) Epidermis: For protection of inner cells from injury, infection, prevent excessive loss of water.

(ii) Phloem: Responsible for the transportation of enzymes/hormones; manufactured food.

(iii) Sclerenchyma: Strengthens the stem/provide mechanical support; makes plants flexible.

(c) Examples of organism:

(i) Parasitic plants: Viscum/mistletoe; dodder plant/Cassytha; Cuscuta; phytophisor; peronospora.

(ii) Saprophyta: Bacteria; fungi/Rhizopus; Mucor, Aspergillus; Mushroom/Agaricus.

(d) adaptive features of plants in salt water swamps: -

• Succulent stem/root/store water; to dilute the salt.
• Presence of pneumatophores/breathing roots; for breathing atmosphere air/oxygen.
• Presence of stilt roots; for anchorage.
• Viviparous seedling; to ensure their survival/continuity.
• Some a secrete excess salt into swamps; to maintain balance of body salt.

(e) Factors that: (i) Increase population density:

• Increased birth rate/natality
• immigration, increase a food availability
• low mortality rate.

(ii) Decrease population density:

• Emigration
• diseases
• drought/famine/natural disaster
• high mortality rate
• low natality rate.

(f) Ways modern agricultural activities may threaten the survival of species: -

• Deforestation/commercial farming destroys habitats of species.
• Destruction/loss of natural vegetation/habitat.
• Over hunting of games reduces population of species.
• Improper/Indiscriminate application of chemical/salinizationteutrophication, pesticides destroys species.
• Lack of afforestation practices.
• Inappropriate fishing methods threaten the population of fish.

(g) Reasons why mitosis is important to living organisms: -

• It ensures growth.
• Involved asexual ,reproduction e.g. fission, budding, spore formation.
• Ensures retention of diploid condition. Repair of tissues within organisms.
• Transfer of exact genetic code from parents to offspring.

(h) Causes of food spoilage: -

• Microbial attacks by bacteria or fungi/or saprophytic action.
• Pest attack by beetles, weevils that destroy stored grains.
• Improper storage which results in deterioration and spoilage of stored foods.
• Destruction of stored fruits and meat by some worms, usually larva of flies.
• Delay in transportation due to bad roads.
• Lack of market facilities for the commodity.
• Poor harvesting method/damage to fruits/ vegetables/tubers during harvesting.
• Poor unhygienic handling/processing/exposure to dust.
• Storage in contaminated containers.
• Use of contaminated water to wash food. 

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